The assistance that South Africa gave the British Empire was significant. [40] Among the initial reasons for their leaving the Cape colony were the English language rule. The meaning of this strong African boys' name makes it ideal for the first son of a family that has Ibibio ancestry. The war is notable for several particularly bloody battles, including an overwhelming victory by the Zulu at the Battle of Isandlwana, as well as for being a landmark in the timeline of imperialism in the region. [198] The armed wing of the ANC, Umkhonto weSizwe (abbreviation MK, meaning Spear of the Nation) claimed moral legitimacy for the resort to violence on the grounds of necessary defence and just war. [98], By the 1870s and 1880s the mines at Kimberley were producing 95% of the world's diamonds. [116] The conflict ended almost as soon as it began with a decisive Boer victory at Battle of Majuba Hill (27 February 1881). Under the leadership of a former slave named Adam Kok, these "coloureds" or Basters (meaning mixed race or multiracial) as they were named by the Dutcha word derived from baster, meaning "bastard"[68]started trekking northward into the interior, through what is today named Northern Cape Province. In 1854, the British handed over the territory to the Boers through the signing of the Sand River Convention. [67] Members of this mixed-race community formed the core of what was to become the Griqua people. An attack on a Christian church in Cape Town in 1993, left eleven people dead and 58 injured. [40], Various theories have been advanced for the causes of the difaqane, ranging from ecological factors to competition in the ivory trade. [204] The uprising had been precipitated by Government legislation forcing African students to accept Afrikaans as the official medium for tuition,[205] with support from the wider Black Consciousness Movement. Truth Commission Special Report: APLA attacks. The Great Trek. [175][176], In early-November 1975, immediately after Portugal granted independence to its former African colony of Angola, civil war broke out between the rival UNITA and MPLA movements. [139][140], About 334,000 South Africans volunteered for full-time military service in support of the Allies abroad. This list may not reflect recent changes . [133] The Mendi disaster was one of South Africa's worst tragedies of the Great War, second perhaps only to the Battle of Delville Wood. Another reason for Dutch-speaking white farmers trekking away from the Cape was the abolition of slavery by the British government on Emancipation Day, 1 December 1838. [222] The debt was finally settled in September 2001. However, an ill-informed British attempt to force the states of southern Africa into a British federation led to inter-ethnic tensions and the First Boer War. [146] The anti-semitic Boerenasie (Boer Nation) and other similar groups soon joined them. Modern human settlement occurred around 125,000 years ago in the Middle Stone Age, as shown by archaeological discoveries at Klasies River Caves. It caused the consolidation of groups such as the Matebele, the Mfengu and the Makololo. The kingdom controlled trade through the east African ports to Arabia, India and China, and throughout southern Africa, making it wealthy through the exchange of gold and ivory for imports such as Chinese porcelain and Persian glass beads.[25]. It has, however, been verified that 17,182 black people died mainly of diseases in the Cape concentration camps alone, but this figure is not accepted historically as a true reflection of the overall numbers. The Patriot revolutionaries then proclaimed the Batavian Republic, which was closely allied to revolutionary France. -- Cape Town : H. Timmins, 1965. [162] Four hundred M-113A1 armoured personnel carriers, and 106mm recoilless rifles manufactured in the United States were delivered to South Africa via Israel. [179] The Cuban intervention was decisive in helping reverse SADF and UNITA advances and cement MPLA rule in Angola. Natalia was a short-lived Boer republic established in 1839 by Boer Voortrekkers emigrating from the Cape Colony. [194][195][196], Organised resistance to Afrikaner nationalism was not confined exclusively to activists of the oppressed, dark-skinned population. The weaker and less-skilled Dingaan became king, relaxing military discipline while continuing the despotism. Nala Origin: Somali, African Meaning: Us Alternative Spellings & Variations: Naala, Nale, Nahla, Nalla An estimated five thousand Zulu warriors were involved. More than a decade later 36,000 Cuban troops were deployed throughout the country helping providing support for MPLA's fight with UNITA. Eventually, in the 1830s, large numbers of Boers migrated in what came to be known as the Great Trek. After 1806, a number of Dutch-speaking inhabitants of the Cape Colony trekked inland, first in small groups. It developed into the largest kingdom in the sub-continent before it was abandoned because of climatic changes in the 14th century. [172][173], South African security forces during the latter part of the apartheid era had a policy of destabilising neighbouring states, supporting opposition movements, conducting sabotage operations and attacking ANC bases and places of refuge for exiles in those states. Social Security Death Index (SSDI) for South African, Browse profiles of historical people with the South African last name, This page needs Javascript enabled in order to work properly. It translates as "of the roof". [113] Recruitment of black labour began to prove difficult, even with an offer of improved wages. [244], Civil unrest occurred in South Africa's KwaZulu-Natal and Gauteng provinces in July 2021, sparked by the imprisonment of former President Jacob Zuma for contempt of court, after he declined to testify at the Zondo Commission, an inquiry into allegations of corruption during his term as president from 2009 to 2018. [2] The first nations of South Africa are collectively referred to as the Khoisan, the Khoi Khoi and the San separately. Those settlers who were allocated money could only claim it in Britain in person or through an agent. Labour unrest in the industry resulted in a massacre in mid-August 2012, when anti-riot police shot dead 34 striking miners and wounded many more in what is known as the Marikana massacre. It has been estimated that the total number of British and colonial troops deployed in South Africa during the war outnumbered the population of the two Boer Republics by more than 150,000. BP Willan, "The South African Native Labour Contingent, 19161918". The civil rights struggle of Gandhi's Natal Indian Congress failed; until the 1994 advent of democracy, Indians in South Africa were subject to most of the discriminatory laws that applied to all non-white inhabitants of the country.[66]. Since 2007 South Africa has experienced an ongoing energy crisis that has negatively impacted the country's economy,[237] its ability to create jobs,[237] and reduce poverty. Ledwaba Southern African, South African, Zulu From Zulu meaning "rock". The African National Congress won, well ahead of the governing National Party and the Inkatha Freedom Party. The Transvaal Boer republic was forcefully annexed by Britain in 1877, during Britain's attempt to consolidate the states of southern Africa under British rule. 37. This led to conflict between the Basotho and the British, who were defeated by Moshoeshoe's warriors at the battle of Viervoet in 1851. Mokopane and his followers, anticipating retaliation by the settlers, retreated into the mountain caves known as Gwasa, (or Makapansgat in Afrikaans). [145], The early-1940s saw the pro-Nazi Ossewa Brandwag (OB) movement become half-a-million strong, including future prime minister John Vorster and Hendrik van den Bergh, the future head of police intelligence. There are 1,000 military records available for the last name South African. [86] In the battles that followed, the Orange Free State tried unsuccessfully to capture Moshoeshoe's mountain stronghold at Thaba Bosiu, while the Sotho conducted raids in Free State territories. Sotho-speakers know this period as the difaqane ("forced migration"); Zulu-speakers call it the mfecane ("crushing"). [24], Colonel Robert Jacob Gordon of the Dutch East India Company was the first European to explore parts of the interior while commanding the Dutch garrison at the renamed Cape of Good Hope, from 1780 to 1795. Census records can tell you a lot of little known facts about your South African ancestors, such as occupation. [235] Other corruption related scandals to emerge during this period included the collapse of VBS Mutual Bank[236] and Bosasa. A president may serve a maximum of two terms. [200] The Truth and Reconciliation Commission noted in 2003 that, despite the ANC's stated policy of attacking only military and police targets, "the majority of casualties of MK operations were civilians. Pronounce it KAH-yah. After the country's first multiracial democratic elections in 1994, a number of terrorist bomb blasts were linked to the AWB. Smith: A common name of English origin, Smith means someone who works with metal. South African Broadcasting Corporation and South African History Archive, Last edited on 27 February 2023, at 09:53, Learn how and when to remove this template message, migrated from the western region of central Africa, Maritime history of the Dutch East India Company, Military history of the Dutch East India Company, Flag of the Republic of the Orange Free State, Military history of South Africa during World War I, Military history of South Africa during World War II, South African Institute of Race Relations, Timeline of liberal parties in South Africa, "Portuguese & Dutch Exploration of South Africa", "Dutch East India Company (DEIC)/VOC | South African History Online", "mtDNA variation in the South African Kung and Khwe, and their genetic relationships to other African populations", "History of click-speaking populations of Africa inferred from mtDNA and Y chromosome genetic variation", "The archaeology of indigenous herders in the Western Cape of South Africa", "Genetic and Demographic Implications of the Bantu Expansion: Insights from Human Paternal Lineages", "The archaeological evidence for the appearance of pastoralism and farming in southern Africa", "The Untold Stories of Slavery at Cape Town's Iziko Slave Lodge", "South Africa - British occupation of the Cape | Britannica", https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/batavian-republic-1803-1806, "A Tempest In A Teapot? Britain had allocated the sum of 1 200 000 British Pounds as compensation to the Dutch settlers, on condition the Dutch farmers had to lodge their claims in Britain as well as the fact that the value of the slaves was many times the allocated amount. Introduction: South Africa has a unique history of apartheid that has had significant implications on economic and social policies. [51] The farmers had invested large amounts of capital in slaves. For more parenting tips and tricks, find us on Pinterest: Are you a writer, expert, or influencer? Its underground cells conducted armed robberies to raise funds and obtain weapons and vehicles. Southern Africa was later populated by Bantu-speaking people who migrated from the western region of central Africa during the early centuries AD. It authorised the forced evictions of thousands of African people from urban centres in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) to what became described colloquially as "Bantustans" or the "original homes", as they were officially referred to, of the black tribes of South Africa. The first was formed by Hermann Eckstein in 1887, eventually becoming Rand Mines. Pro-apartheid South Africans attempted to justify the Bantustan policy by citing the British government's 1947 partition of India, which they claimed was a similar situation that did not arouse international condemnation. [138] By August 1945, South African Air Force aircraft in conjunction with British and Dutch aircraft stationed in South Africa had intercepted 17 enemy ships, assisted in the rescue of 437 survivors of sunken ships, attacked 26 of the 36 enemy submarines operating the vicinity of the South African coast, and flown 15,000 coastal patrol sorties. Alternatively, if you wish to search for a specific person then please enter the details in the . By June 1900, Pretoria, the last of the major Boer towns, had surrendered. [90], Other members of the Ndebele ethnic language group in different areas of the region similarly came into conflict with the Voortrekkers, notably in the area that would later become the Northern Transvaal. On 10 May 1994 Mandela was inaugurated as South Africa's new President in Pretoria with Thabo Mbeki and F. W. De Klerk as his vice-presidents. [34] The Cape Articles of Capitulation of 1806 allowed the colony to retain "all their rights and privileges which they have enjoyed hitherto",[35] and this launched South Africa on a divergent course from the rest of the British Empire, allowing the continuance of Roman-Dutch law. "[201], The national liberation movement was divided in the early 1960s when an "Africanist" faction within the ANC objected to an alliance between the ANC and the Communist Party of South Africa. [112], The working environment of the mines, meanwhile, as one historian has described it, was "dangerous, brutal and onerous", and therefore unpopular among local black Africans. After lengthy negotiations under the auspices of the Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA), a draft constitution was published on 26 July 1993, containing concessions towards all sides: a federal system of regional legislatures, equal voting-rights regardless of race, and a bicameral legislature. 2022 Sandbox Networks Inc. All rights reserved. [38] The Royal Geographical Society later awarded Livingstone a gold medal for his discovery of Lake Ngami in the desert.[39]. [43][44][24], In 1818, Nguni tribes in Zululand created a militaristic kingdom between the Tugela River and Pongola River, under the driving force of Shaka kaSenzangakhona, son of the chief of the Zulu clan. 3. 'Explaining the Ship Traffic Fluctuations in the Early Cape Settlement: 16521793', South African Journal of Economic History, 23 (2008), pp. Independent sovereignty of the republic was formally recognised by Great Britain with the signing of the Sand River Convention on 17 January 1852. [23] The advancing Bantu encroached on the Khoikhoi territory, forcing the original inhabitants of the region to move to more arid areas. [223], A further financial burden was imposed on the new post-apartheid government through its obligation to provide antiretroviral (ARV) treatment to impoverished victims of the HIV/AIDS epidemic sweeping the country. Leaders of the Communist Party of South Africa were mostly white. Nelson Mandela was elected as President on 9 May 1994 and formed a Government of National Unity, consisting of the ANC, the National Party and Inkatha. Occupation can tell you about your ancestor's social and economic status. The same legislation applied also to South West Africa over which South Africa had continued after World War I to exercise a disputed League of Nations mandate. The rebellion was suppressed, and at least one officer was sentenced to death and executed by firing squad. Colonel Jan Breytenbach, the South African parachute battalion commander, claimed it was "recognised in Western military circles as the most successful airborne assault since World War II. Many of the 1820 Settlers eventually settled in Grahamstown and Port Elizabeth. South Africa's prehistory has been divided into two phases based on broad patterns of technology namely the Stone Age and Iron Age.After the discovery of hominins at Taung and australopithecine fossils in limestone caves at Sterkfontein, Swartkrans, and Kromdraai these areas were collectively . After an unsuccessful appeal for aid from the British Empire, Moshoeshoe signed the 1866 treaty of Thaba Bosiu, with the Basotho ceding substantial territory to the Orange Free State. A series of battles ensued, in which Mzilikazi was eventually defeated. Griqualand then became a separate Crown Colony renamed Griqualand West in 1871, with a Lieutenant-General and legislative council. [166] At the same time, State-sponsored vigilante groups carried out violent attacks on communities and community leaders associated with resistance to apartheid. There are 54 countries, between 900 and 1,500 languages, and several thousand ethnic groups in Africa, according to Britannica. Search US census records for South African, View all South African immigration records, Do not sell or share my personal information. The reinforcements arrived in Durban 20 days later; the siege was broken and the Voortrekkers retreated. Ade. The ANC-led government, in a historic reversal of policy, adopted neoliberalism instead. [238] A lack of investment in new power generating capacity and an aging fleet of existing power plants was the initial cause of the crisis. The uprising spread throughout the country. [147] When the war ended, the OB was one of the anti-parliamentary groups absorbed into the National Party.[148][149]. In the later annexation of the Zulu kingdom by imperial Britain, an Anglo-Zulu War was fought in 1879. Pages in category "Afrikaans-language surnames" The following 148 pages are in this category, out of 148 total. Following the Invasion of the Cape Colony by the British in 1795 and 1806, mass migrations collectively known as the Great Trek occurred during which the Voortrekkers established several Boer settlements on the interior of South Africa. He appealed to the British for help against Ndlambe, who retaliated in 1819 during the Fifth Frontier War by attacking the British colonial town of Grahamstown.
55 Gallon Drum Spray Foam Kit, Stephen Henderson Actor, Why Can't I Move Text On Carrd, How Far Is Magnolia Plantation From Downtown Charleston, Odessa High School Football Record, Articles S