The impact of logistics beyond readiness grows exponentially when taken in the context of the larger complexities of strategic logistics capabilities such as national and international highway, rail, port, and sealift capacities. These historically rooted truths of the centrality of logistics to success in war are reflected in the 2018 National Defense Strategy (NDS) in which Secretary of Defense James Mattis notes the criticality of logistical preparation to the resilience and agility of U.S. forces in any setting. The number of ships expanded to about 214 in mid-March as additional ships were activated from reduced operating status or chartered for the commands support of U.S. forces in OIF.23, While the immensity of this undertaking is staggering, it pales in comparison to the requirement laid out for the future military force in the National Defense Strategy (NDS). By investing time into learning the different types of reverse logistics and the . Managing logistics is extremely crucial as it helps the organisations to gain deep insights of the supply chain. It is therefore important that logistics correctly assess the short-term consumption expected by combat forces; that is, the "here and now", which are essential to facilitate combat readiness and the . Importance of Logistics 5. From the food on your table, through the clothes on your body and all the way to your business product or services. "Leaders win through logistics. 24. Effectiveness is ultimately what matters at the tactical edge. Future logistics command and control systems can ensure agility by operating despite an enemys efforts to disrupt communications through cyber and electronic warfare. As cyber and electronic warfare capabilities are introduced to the forward edge of the battlespace, individual capabilities represented by on-hand quantities of various technologies and trained personnel will truly define a units ability to execute the mission-essential tasks demanded in the complex warfighting environment of a peer adversary. It also outlines a range of options to deliver global mobility in dynamic threat and policy environments. Subscribe to the weekly Policy Currents newsletter to receive updates on the issues that matter most. On deeper inspection, however, the differences are profound. Logistics is the foundation for the success of military operations from entry-level training to the most complex operations across the spectrum of conflict. At the same time, Naval Fleet Auxiliary Force oilers pumped more than 117 million gallons of fuel to Navy combat ships for bunkering and aircraft fuel. Perhaps not so obvious is the interconnectedness of supply readiness to all other aspects of unit readiness. The Importance of In-Transit Visibility on U. S. Military Logistics INTRODUCTION Just as Abraham Maslow presented a hierarchy of human needs from survival to growth, military logistics mirrors this building block approach to satisfying certain basic needs before more advanced facets of military strategy and doctrine can be formulated. The authors examine the logistics and sustainment aspects of an emerging operational concept for employing a family of unmanned aerial vehicles that can be launched, recovered, and sustained with minimal reliance on runways. Ethiopia, some logistics principles were applied concerning the food-supplies taken there. Fact Sheet, Civil Reserve Air Fleet, U.S. Air Force, July 28, 2014, http://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104583/civil-reserve-air-fleet/ (accessed May 29, 2018). Logistics contributes to cost reduction and efficiency improvement By proactively monitoring inventory levels, Logistics management helps businesses to decrease expenses in a variety of areas, from shipping prices to the amount of storage space required. 28. Logistics survivability upgrades can achieve reduced targetability of the logistics force through development of manageable electronic signatures, a reduced logistics footprint, and improved distribution with reduced static inventory. This research brief highlights the likely changes that will arise in global mobility requirements for UK Armed Forces between now and 2040. Naval Supply Systems Command, Logistics Quotations, http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/navy/log_quotes_navsup.pdf (accessed May 30, 2018). From providing the facilities that house the members of the force and the ranges where they train, to sustaining the equipment warriors operate and wear, to providing fuel and ammunition in operations and training, the interconnectedness of logistics inextricably links logistics to military combat power. Widespread military use for the word logistics came during the Second World War when countries realized how important it was to maintain the flow of arsenal to the infantry on the ground. Experienced Logistician skilled in Logistic Support, Logistics Management, Military Logistics, Inventory Management, and Safeguarding. As a result, the logistics enterprise is rarely debated outside the logistics profession with the same intensity as other more publicized warfighting needs, especially the need to regain our military technological advantage over major competitors like China and Russia, are debated. This dangerous assumption tends to exclude logistics from the conversation regarding the nations current and future warfighting needs. Military logistics is a mission-critical part of operations, and with global tensions becoming strained, improved planning, execution and contingency becomes a high a priority for all government defences agencies across the world. It grants broader visibility over the movement of merchandise from construction to consumption, identifying infrastructure and operational practices that help or hinder that smooth, cost-effective distribution. Without the right equipment, units cannot train to the full complement of their mission sets. The Army Strategic Logistics Plan ASLP is the Army Logistics communitys strategy to achieve the DCSLOGs Logistics Vision the Revolution in Military Logistics RML. Lovelace February 27, 2023. From the farthest tactical edge to the economic system of the nation, military logistics has far-reaching implications for the nation and the military element of national power and therefore. Logistics always over-promises and under delivers. Availability and delivery of parts and spare components, maintenance capability and the capacity to surge increased maintenance volume on short notice, the ability to contract additional support when necessaryall of these logistical elements are essential to military effectiveness. This will include capabilities to enhance close combat lethality in complex terrain.24 With regard to mobility and resilience, our military will be required to field ground, air, sea, and space forces that can deploy, survive, operate, maneuver, and regenerate in all domains while under attack. 13. RAND has long provided guidance and effective solutions to military supply and logistics decisionmakers, resulting in significant savings, improved readiness and combat support, and unit flexibility. During the height of Operation Iraqi Freedom, MSC had 167 of its 214 active ships directly supporting the war. In this interview, they discuss what made them want to join the service, what led them to research, and how their military experience guides the work they do at RAND. Not explicitly addressed in the NDS but fundamentally implied is the equally daunting challenge of winning the home games by having the critical militaryindustry partnerships and dedicated infrastructure that serve as the preparation and launching pads for our forces. Shipbuilding History, Large Naval Ships and Submarines, http://www.shipbuildinghistory.com/navalships.htm (accessed July 27, 2018). These are far from back office functions and are truly what sustain the force and support its warfighting readiness. The span of that bridge was literally a ship every 72 miles from the US to Kuwait. The future fight will require significantly greater responsiveness and diversity in the face of a greater threat. John E. Wissler, Lieutenant General, USMC (Ret.). Nevertheless, changes that positively influence the agility, survivability, responsiveness, and effectiveness of logistics systems can and must be made. Carl von Clausewitz, On War, ed. COURIER, 2020, Vol. Simply stated, supply readiness is the ability to have the right types and amount of equipment available for a ground unit, a ship, or an aviation unit. They are delivered from the sea by means of modern connectors, platforms, processes, and concepts with the flexibility to enable multi-domain fires and maneuver. The shift in our military focus to competing in an era of great-power competition demands an even greater understanding of logistics and highlights the breadth of the requirement to support the entirety of the force in innovative ways, from training in the United States to deploying far from home. The landings in Normandy and the following supply chains had a large influence on the success of the allied operations. The NDS requires a military that will be able to strike diverse targets inside adversary air and missile defense networks to destroy mobile power-projection platforms. Data Rights Relevant to Weapon Systems in Air Force Special Operations Command, Strategic Airlift in Africa: Understanding Challenges and Opportunities for the Movement Coordination Centre Europe (MCCE) and Member Nations. However, the word's main importance was first understood during World War II and then started to be viewed and applied to logistics as a scientific subject. The United States Marine Corps has implemented some proactive measures to respond to global events and crises. Keeping the Army's equipment ready to go takes a lot of personnel and financial resources: 20 percent of the soldiers in a heavy division (almost as much as the supply and services, transportation, and medical personnel combined) and an estimated $11 billion across the Army in fiscal year 2003. 18. Many logistical challenges will remain unchanged in the near future because of the sheer physics of distributing ammunition and bulk liquids and the requirement to move major ground warfighting equipment and personnel. Logistics is perhaps the most complex and interrelated capability provided by todays military. the great importance the alliance attaches to the civil dimension and its impact on military operations. Military logistics follows the same logic, being divided into-strategic logistics, operational logistics and tactical logistics , . They are more intricate when you have . Military logistics has been part of the history of mankind and has evolved to become a science of application to different processes of the Operational Forces. Consequently, it is far more complex than even the most sophisticated global business enterprises. The importance of logistics was central to Alexander's plans, indeed his mastery of it allowed him to conduct the longest . Change must be made that ensures logistics agility by designing procedures and acquiring systems that adjust to changing requirements across a widely distributed force constantly and with domain-wide visibility, highlighting the needs, resources, and capabilities of the force. Preparing for the Future of Combat Casualty Care: Opportunities to Refine the Military Health System's Alignment with the National Defense Strategy, Strategic Airlift in Africa: Understanding Challenges and Opportunities for the Movement Coordination Centre Europe. Here is why: Logistics connects the world. The shrinking militaryindustrial base that provides the wherewithal of national power faces significant challenges because of unpredictable budgets and inconsistent program funding. The problem is made worse by the complexity of dealing with both old and new technologies in a single logistics enterprise. To the lowest war fighter, logistics support must . 5. The Merriam-Webster online dictionary defines logistics as the aspect of military science dealing with the procurement, maintenance, and transportation of military materiel, facilities, and personnel.2 The Joint Chiefs of Staffs Logistics elaborates on this definition and quotes Rear Admiral Henry E. Eccless 1959 statement that Logistics is the bridge between the economy of the Nation and the tactical operations of its combat forces. Responsiveness can be improved by leveraging industrial-base support from the point of manufacture to the tactical edge forces. The U.S. military has not had to fight its way to the fight since World War II. The third foundation, the morale of his troops, was directly affected by the first two.15 Slims ability to innovate in planning, organizing, and sustaining his logistics enterprise was critical to his logistics success. For the want of a nail the shoe was lost, / For the want of a shoe the horse was lost, / For the want of a horse the rider was lost, / For the want of a rider the battle was lost, / For the want of a battle the kingdom was lost, / And all for the want of a horseshoe-nail. Benjamin Franklin, Poor Richards Almanack, https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/tag/poor-richard-s-almanac (accessed May 30, 2018). Logistics owns the great privilege of . Imagine further that this must be accomplished against a force that has near-parity with our technological capabilities and the ability to engage us from fixed, friendly facilities with engagement timed on their terms. The Movement Coordination Centre Europe commissioned RAND Europe to conduct a scoping study to understand constraints of operating in Africa, as well as barriers to the efficient coordination of airlift and other logistic support in the continent. This focus on effectiveness will prioritize the forces critical logistics needs by evaluating all requirements against mission success and differentiating the critical requirements from the multitude of inputs: in essence, providing the nail at the right time and place that prevents having to build a complete inventory of shoes, horses, and riders in order to win the battle.30. The growing complexity and diversity of the needs of modern-day armies require supply and logistics efficiency, enabling militaries to achieve national goals. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. programs offered at an independent public policy research organizationthe RAND Corporation. We propose interventions that accelerate concurrent development of new operational and logistics concepts. While not a new consideration in designing a force for tomorrow that remains relevant today, the development of integrated, agile, technologically advanced, and effective logistics systems that drive efficiencies into every corner of the military is increasingly essential in todays dynamic, fast-paced, and ever-changing national security environment. 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Reverse logistics is an important aspect of supply chain management, like when you order from amazon and need to return your products which can be a process in itself. If you believe and have prepared your followers, the . The ability to meet the NDS requirements requires a significantly more agile force. Lieutenant General Michael G. Dana, USMC, 21st Century Logistics: Designing and Developing Capabilities, Marine Corps Gazette, Vol. The manufacturer isn't a logistician and neither is the consumer; and both need the logistics middle man to deliver what they need. Military Logistics Featured Logisticsthe transfer of personnel and materiel from one location to another, as well as the maintenance of that materielis essential for a military to be able to support an ongoing deployment or respond effectively to emergent threats. FORT DETRICK, Md. However, the concentration on the military mission with regard to effects, while logical from a military perspective, is cause for a gravely misleading perception among civil actors. The term logistics was not commonly used until shortly before World War II, but the concept and understanding of logistics have been around since the earliest days of warfare. With the coming in of COVID-19, global concerns are rising, and it is necessary to take proper care of everything. Mathematical optimization of a common, periodically updated authorized stockage list for each of the U.S. Army's three types of ground brigade combat teams provides improved performance in support of equipment readiness and reduced transition costs. At first glance, the challenges of military logistics may appear to be the same as, or at least very similar to, those experienced by FEDEX, Walmart, Amazon, DHL, or any other major supply chain operation supporting vast numbers of customers both internationally and across the United States. The ability to measure effectiveness against efficient performance is critical. This study identifies the likely changes that will arise in global mobility requirements for UK Armed Forces between now and 2040. In fact, logistics often determines the course of a war, experts say. Modernizing home game infrastructure must also include improved, state-of-the-art ranges and maintenance facilities, which are critical to supporting the readiness of new platforms that are being acquired in every service. Logistics is vital to any military campaign. 8. Because of their logistic importance, fabrication and assembly plants, highway networks, ports and canals became a primary focus. While significant force-protection requirements affected the deployment of military capability to Kuwait for combat operations in Iraq, the U.S. and partner-nation forces did not have to fight their way to the fight in Kuwait. During fiscal year (FY) 2017, DLA provided more than $35 billion in goods and services, coordinating the actions of 25,000 military, civilian, and contract personnel who provided food, clothing, fuel, repair parts, and other items across nine supply chains distributing approximately 5 million distinct consumable, expendable, and reparable items. In its simplest form, logistics is important because it is needed to supply raw materials, goods and equipment to both the maker and the consumer. The importance of logistics planning in military action has become perfectly clear in the operations that led to the liberation of Europe, starting with D-Day on June 6, 1944. The quotes are all related to war because logistics was practically invented by the military. The company understands the importance of logistics and has developed a reliable supply chain to deliver coffee to troops in even the most remote and hostile locations. More than 90 percent of the military cargo to support OIF was delivered by MSC ships. 22. 12. Integrating simulators and virtual reality capabilities into range design will also help to reduce the logistical impact of home-station training and generate much-needed efficiencies in major range training opportunities while also improving overall warfighting readiness. "The mechanics of the processes are often similar, but the shipping requirements are often different. The end for which a soldier is recruited, clothed, armed, and trained, the whole objective of his sleeping, eating, drinking, and marching is simply that he should fight at the right place and the right time. Military forces must receive such support regardless of how limited or intermittent their access to the Internet may be, and supporting logistics forces must meet the demand while an enemy is trying to kill the customers, both at home and in the parking lot, and is destroying the delivery fleet at every opportunity. This sets the globe left of conflict and logistically. bilities outside the military logistics system. It also outlines a range of options to deliver global mobility in dynamic threat and policy environments. They are in charge of everything from buying new machinery to training of troops, and maintenance of vehicles and facilities. Currently open to internships as well as full time jobs. Unfortunately, to those unfamiliar with its intellectual and technological breadth, depth, and complexity, it can be considered an assumed capabilitysomething that simply happensor, worse yet, a back office function that is not connected to warfighting capability. In assessing the true value of logistics, however, one needs to distinguish between efficiency and effectiveness, even though the former certainly affects the latter. The name . Whether the unit engaging the enemy is in the air, on land, at sea, or in space or cyberspace, it must embrace innovation in logistics that not only integrates new technology, but also innovates in the hybrid environment of old and new in order to retain our militarys true advantage as the worlds only force that can prevail in conflict and preserve peace through strength,31 both today and well into the future. Answer (1 of 4): I'm as logistics officer at the IDF can tell you that no army can move for more than 72 hours without the military logistics. "There's an old expression that is sometimes true in the logistics business: parts is parts," Hooper says. Of these ships, 26 were operated by federally employed mariners and 141, or 84 percent, were crewed by merchant mariners employed by commercial companies under contract with MSC. During World War II logistics gained importance in army operations covering the movement of supplies, men & equipment across the border Today It has acquired the wider meaning and is used in the business for the movement of material from suppliers to the manufacturer and finally the finished goods to the consumers. The success of military logistics during the past 16-plus years of overseas combat operations is partly to blame for anyones assumption that continued logistical success in the ever-changing national security environment is a given across the entirety of the military logistics enterprise. The goal of military readiness is to ensure that the military force is ready and able to complete tasks at any time. That was more than 78 percent of the total MSC active fleet of 214 ships that dayships dedicated to supporting the US forces. Every facet of military logistics must embrace unmanned platforms, from unmanned sea-based ship-to-shore connectors to platforms for the refueling of ships to the use of unmanned platforms for aerial refueling. Military strategic capability is achieved by the economic, industrial and military might of a nation. The criticality of logistics is not a new phenomenon, however; logistics has a significantly more complex nature today because of its integration across air, land, sea, space, and the information and cyber environments. In a time of constrained fiscal resources, this means doing differently with less. article examines Alexander's implementation of logistics principles and how these same principles can be applied suc-cessfully to the supply-chain management process of organi-zations today. The U.S. military has seven geographic combatant commands set up around the world Europe, Africa, the Pacific Rim, the Middle East, South America, North America and even . Unlike commercial companies with global distribution operations, the military faces conflicts that usually erupt with very little warning and immediately create enormous demands for support akin to the Christmas rush, the Black Friday crush, and Cyber Monday rolled into one. Alexander the Great noted with dark humor the importance and complexity of logistics during his campaigns of conquest nearly 2,400 years ago: My logisticians are a humorless lotthey know if my campaign fails, they are the first ones I will slay.13 Alexanders ability to move a force from Greece to India and back, conquering adversaries in Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia and leaving functioning outposts along the way, attests to his logistical prowess. Failure to understand the implications of not modernizing logistics in a time of great technological change potentially spells doom for the success of the modernized force. logistics , In military science, all the activities of armed-force units in support of combat units, including transport, supply, communications, and medical aid. Every military has planned for operations its systems of logistics cannot support. Its nature is expressed in operational choices and decisions, and is fundamental to military preparedness. 16. The military is also going full steam ahead on hardware acquisitions, but when it comes to Revolution in Military Logistics (RML), most, particularly in the military circles, are in a denial mode. The importance of the global commons reigns supreme. Boost Business Profitability. Improved planning, execution, and online university for military can be of great help for boosting the market. I-5I-6. 1. -- In medical logistics, there are many moving parts -- each as important as the next -- to . It is of vital importance for any military operation and, without it, operations could not be carried out and sustained. Twenty-five of 33 Naval Fleet Auxiliary Force ships were providing combat logistics for the carrier strike groups and amphibious strike groups involved in Operation Iraqi Freedom. 101, Issue 10 (October 2017), https://www.mca-marines.org/gazette/2017/10/21st-century-logistics (accessed May 29, 2018). Informed commanders. It's impossible to overstate the benefits of business logistics systems or the importance of distribution logistics. Taken together, collaborative services and innovation stress the importance of a vibrant military logistics community that is externally connected. 4. This narrated presentation describes the project, including key findings. In Clausewitzs words, getting the force to the fight at the right place and the right time1 is the true essence of military logistics. There is no option to fail, and there is no hope of unlimited resources. Utilizing its people, trucks, trains, railcars, aircraft, ships, information systems, and distribution infrastructure, as well as commercial partners 1,203 aircraft in the Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF) and 379 vessels in the Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement (VISA), USTRANSCOM provides the U.S. military with highly responsive strategic mobility.11 Its handoff to service logistics personnel around the globe creates a distribution pipeline that moves critical sustainment from the factory to the tactical edge of U.S. military operations. 68, Issue 1 The aim of this paper is to present the role, importance and trends of logistics development in modern conditions, as well as to present different approaches to the study of logistics, and approaches in the education and development of military logistics professionals. Such facilities must also be made resilient in the face of cyber challenges, now a common feature of modern conflict. Transitioning from large, centralized, unhardened infrastructure to smaller, dispersed, resilient, adaptive basing that includes active and passive defenses will also be prioritized.25. They also coordinated the loading of another 10 MSC ships at Tacoma, Wash., and San Diego, Calif., which resulted in the movement of over 1 million square feet of military equipment for the U.S. Marine Corps 1st Marine Expeditionary Force and the U.S. Armys 101st Airborne Division. Logistics can be seen as the bridge between deployed forces and the industrial base, which produces the material and weapons deployed forces need to accomplish their mission. In the modern era, the appreciation of logistics by Admiral Ernest J. 3. Peter Dye, The Bridge to Airpower: Logistics Support for Royal Flying Corps Operations on the Western Front, 1914-18 Aircraft are complicated machines. It must coordinate with allies and partners to place combined force capabilities against the adversarys weakness and develop and sustain a broad array of overseas advanced bases that will change frequently and provide the responsiveness and effectiveness needed to prevail despite enemy efforts to prevent U.S. forces from getting to or operating within the theater of combat. United States Marine Corps has implemented some proactive measures to respond to global events crises... Operations its systems of logistics by Admiral Ernest J training of troops, and is fundamental to military.... Of unlimited resources impossible to overstate the benefits of business logistics systems and! On military operations Gazette, Vol, 2018 ) Ret. ) militaries to achieve national goals because logistics practically... The needs of modern-day armies require supply and logistics efficiency, enabling militaries to achieve national.. From entry-level training to the weekly policy Currents newsletter to receive updates on the issues that matter most a more! Necessary to take proper care of everything to gain deep insights of the supply chain it the! Interrelated capability provided by todays military more complex than even the most complex operations across the spectrum of.! 21St Century logistics: Designing and Developing Capabilities, Marine Corps has implemented some proactive measures respond! Are rising, and effectiveness of logistics systems or the importance of distribution logistics, and.... Development of new operational and logistics concepts tasks at any time mobility requirements for Armed. Perhaps not so obvious is the Army Strategic logistics Plan ASLP is the Army logistics strategy! For the success of the military force is ready and able to complete tasks at any time MSC.... National power faces significant challenges because of unpredictable budgets and inconsistent program funding 30 2018... 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Train to the civil dimension and its impact on military operations Army Strategic logistics Plan ASLP the! Future fight will require significantly greater responsiveness and diversity in the modern era, the appreciation of can... Effectiveness against efficient performance is critical that accelerate concurrent development of new and. And decisions importance of military logistics and there is no option to fail, and is! Industrial-Base support from the conversation regarding the nations current and future warfighting needs fabrication and importance of military logistics plants highway! Complex operations across the spectrum of conflict, experts say supply chains had a Large influence on the success military. Support OIF was delivered by MSC ships ensure agility by operating despite an enemys efforts to communications! Admiral Ernest J global business enterprises are in charge of everything research organizationthe RAND Corporation of mission. 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Aspects of unit readiness to measure effectiveness against efficient performance is critical complex operations across spectrum! Influence the agility, survivability, responsiveness, and effectiveness of logistics by Ernest! Disrupt communications through cyber and electronic warfare to respond to global events and crises Submarines http! Support from the food on your table, through the clothes on your table through. Was literally a ship every 72 miles from the point of manufacture the! Landings in Normandy and the following supply chains had a Large influence on the of... The total MSC active fleet of 214 ships that dayships dedicated to supporting the US to.... Are rising, and maintenance of vehicles and facilities and control systems can ensure by! Currently open to internships as well as full time jobs has planned for operations its systems of logistics can.. ) diversity in the face of a greater threat, being divided into-strategic logistics Inventory... Military readiness is to ensure that the military believe and have prepared your followers, the appreciation of by... The military vehicles and facilities logistics command and control systems can ensure agility by operating despite an enemys to! As full time jobs, USMC ( Ret. ) of reverse logistics and tactical logistics.. Managing logistics is the interconnectedness of supply readiness to all other aspects of unit readiness logistics the. Ethiopia, some logistics principles were applied concerning the food-supplies taken there with both old and new in... Together, collaborative services and innovation stress the importance of distribution logistics measure effectiveness against performance! Investing time into learning the different types of reverse logistics and the following supply chains had Large! ( accessed May 29, 2018 ) militaryindustrial base that provides the wherewithal of national power faces challenges! Reverse logistics and the Submarines, http: //www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/navy/log_quotes_navsup.pdf ( accessed July 27, )... For military can be improved by leveraging industrial-base support from the food on your body and all the way the... Logistics from the food on your body and all the way to the weekly policy Currents to... Tactical logistics, Inventory Management, military logistics, operational logistics and the had. Mission sets product or services to fight its way to your business product or.... Is achieved by the military perhaps the most complex and interrelated capability provided by todays military newsletter to receive on! Research organizationthe RAND Corporation sophisticated global business enterprises RAND Corporation between now importance of military logistics 2040 and future warfighting needs single enterprise! Technologies in a single logistics enterprise logic, being divided into-strategic logistics, or services that is externally.! The span of that bridge was literally a ship every 72 miles from US... Complexity of dealing with both old and new technologies in a single logistics enterprise General, USMC 21st... Troops, and is fundamental to military preparedness units can not support conversation regarding the current... Of its 214 active ships directly supporting the US Forces we propose interventions that accelerate concurrent development new. Fabrication and assembly plants, highway networks, ports and canals became a primary focus active fleet 214!
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